Spin (Begriffsklärung)
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Save Word. Keep scrolling for more. Synonyms for spin Synonyms: Verb gyrate , pinwheel , pirouette , revolve , roll , rotate , turn , twirl , wheel , whirl Synonyms: Noun gyration , pirouette , reel , revolution , roll , rotation , twirl , wheel , whirl Visit the Thesaurus for More.
Examples of spin in a Sentence Verb The car hit a patch of ice and spun into the wall. Recent Examples on the Web: Verb The collision caused the car to spin counterclockwise and then hit a concrete bridge support wall on the side of the road.
First Known Use of spin Verb before the 12th century, in the meaning defined at intransitive sense 1 Noun , in the meaning defined at sense 1a.
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Electron spin plays an important role in magnetism , with applications for instance in computer memories. The manipulation of nuclear spin by radiofrequency waves nuclear magnetic resonance is important in chemical spectroscopy and medical imaging.
Spin-orbit coupling leads to the fine structure of atomic spectra, which is used in atomic clocks and in the modern definition of the second.
Precise measurements of the g -factor of the electron have played an important role in the development and verification of quantum electrodynamics.
Photon spin is associated with the polarization of light photon polarization. An emerging application of spin is as a binary information carrier in spin transistors.
The original concept, proposed in , is known as Datta-Das spin transistor. The manipulation of spin in dilute magnetic semiconductor materials , such as metal-doped ZnO or TiO 2 imparts a further degree of freedom and has the potential to facilitate the fabrication of more efficient electronics.
There are many indirect applications and manifestations of spin and the associated Pauli exclusion principle , starting with the periodic table of chemistry.
Spin was first discovered in the context of the emission spectrum of alkali metals. In , Wolfgang Pauli introduced what he called a "two-valuedness not describable classically" [24] associated with the electron in the outermost shell.
This allowed him to formulate the Pauli exclusion principle , stating that no two electrons can have the same quantum state in the same quantum system.
The physical interpretation of Pauli's "degree of freedom" was initially unknown. When Pauli heard about the idea, he criticized it severely, noting that the electron's hypothetical surface would have to be moving faster than the speed of light in order for it to rotate quickly enough to produce the necessary angular momentum.
This would violate the theory of relativity. Largely due to Pauli's criticism, Kronig decided not to publish his idea.
Under the advice of Paul Ehrenfest , they published their results. This discrepancy was due to the orientation of the electron's tangent frame, in addition to its position.
Mathematically speaking, a fiber bundle description is needed. The tangent bundle effect is additive and relativistic; that is, it vanishes if c goes to infinity.
It is one half of the value obtained without regard for the tangent space orientation, but with opposite sign. Thus the combined effect differs from the latter by a factor two Thomas precession , known to Ludwik Silberstein in Despite his initial objections, Pauli formalized the theory of spin in , using the modern theory of quantum mechanics invented by Schrödinger and Heisenberg.
He pioneered the use of Pauli matrices as a representation of the spin operators, and introduced a two-component spinor wave-function.
Pauli's theory of spin was non-relativistic. However, in , Paul Dirac published the Dirac equation , which described the relativistic electron.
In the Dirac equation, a four-component spinor known as a " Dirac spinor " was used for the electron wave-function. Relativistic spin explained gyromagnetic anomaly, which was in retrospect first observed by Samuel Jackson Barnett in see Einstein—de Haas effect.
In , Pauli proved the spin-statistics theorem , which states that fermions have half-integer spin and bosons have integer spin. In retrospect, the first direct experimental evidence of the electron spin was the Stern—Gerlach experiment of However, the correct explanation of this experiment was only given in From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Intrinsic form of angular momentum as a property of quantum particles. This article is about spin in quantum mechanics. For rotation in classical mechanics, see Angular momentum.
Elementary particles of the Standard Model. Main article: Spin quantum number. Main article: spin—statistics theorem.
Main article: Spin magnetic moment. Further information: Angular momentum operator. Main article: Pauli matrices. See also: Symmetry in quantum mechanics.
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Quantum Mechanics 3rd ed. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics 2nd ed. Niels Bohr's Times. Set foot in our realm of digital entertainment now.
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